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In March 2021, Kazakhstan put in place a ban on breeding cattle and ram exports. The ban remains in place. An annual, per operation export quota has been added for exports of bulls of 12-months of age or older and rams of 6-months of age or older; the quota is regularly updated.

There were no significant changes to the Nicaraguan biotechnology regulatory regime in 2023. Nicaraguan biotechnology legislation lacks implementing regulations that would open additional opportunities for farmers and food processors to integrate new technologies into their operations.

Kazakhstan has not announced any changes to its biotechnology policies. Major challenges like climate change, variable weather, monocropping wheat, and the reliance on Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) member biotechnology regulations could be a future catalyst for Kazakhstan to develop its own biotechnology law.

As a result of very dry weather conditions in key growing regions and then high precipitation during harvest, Kazakhstan’s 2023 wheat production is expected to drop sharply to around three-quarter of last year’s level. Despite lower production, large...

This report is an overview of the general legal and technical requirements for food and agricultural imports imposed by Kazakhstan.

This report highlights export certification requirements for Kazakhstan.

According to government information releases and FAS-Astana contacts, spring grain planting was completed in early June and planting conditions were generally favorable, leading FAS-Astana to estimate no significant change to wheat and barley planted area in MY2023/2024.

This report provides information on export certification requirements for U.S. food and agricultural exports to Nicaragua. There were no significant changes to required export certificates since the 2022 report. This report supplements the 2023 Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards (FAIRS) Country Report.

This report describes Nicaraguan regulatory requirements and import procedures for food and agricultural products. As of June 2023, there had been no major changes since the 2022 report.

During a national oilseeds conference, industry representatives noted that domestic oilseed production increased from 2.5 million hectares in 2020 to 3.4. million hectares in 2022, and they further expect production to reach 5 million hectares by 2027.

On April 13, 2023, the Ministry of Trade and Integration announced the second stage of 2023 meat and poultry quotas by HS code for historic suppliers (i.e., importers).

FAS/Managua projects Nicaraguan Arabica coffee production to remain mostly flat in marketing year 2023/24 at 2.46 million 60-kilogram bags, reflecting successive years of sub-optimal fertilizer application dating back to 2020 when fertilizer prices rose amid global supply chain disruptions and new taxes on agricultural inputs.