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In 2022, Indonesia maintained its biodiesel blending mandate at 30 percent and raised its biodiesel allocation volume to a record 10.1 billion liters on expected increased economic activity and mobility following eased pandemic-related restrictions. The export levy that funds the subsidies underwriting the biodiesel mandate program was adjusted to also subsidize cooking oil prices which have surged since late 2021.

Wheat imports for 2021/22 are revised upward to 11.2 million metric tons (MMT) from the previous estimate of 11.0 MMT, reflecting recovering demand for flour-based foods. In line with increased imports, food, seed, and industry (FSI) wheat consumption is also revised up 2.2 percent to 9.1 MMT of wheat equivalent.

The UK retail sector is one of the most sophisticated in the world, with the UK retail grocery market valued at $282 billion in June 2022. Discounters remain the fastest growing channel, with online grocery shopping remaining stable after achieving unprecedented growth during the pandemic.

In 2021, the total value of all food and beverage retail sales in Indonesia totaled $72 billion, a 12 percent decrease from the previous year due to COVID-19 pandemic social distancing measures. Traditional markets still dominate the retail food and beverage sector, accounting for 76 percent of market share, although they continue to lose market share to modern retail stores and e-commerce.