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Peru is the third-largest export market for U.S. agricultural products in South America. U.S.-origin food and agricultural product exports to Peru benefit significantly from the U.S. - Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA). U.S. consumer-oriented...

In 2021, Spain imported $1.7 billion of agricultural and related products from the United States. Outside the European Union Member States, the United States was the fifth largest origin of Spanish agricultural and related imports. After the deep recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Spain’s economy is starting to recover, supported by improving domestic demand and a strong rebound of the hotel and restaurant industry as tourism returns to pre-pandemic levels.

FAS Lima forecasts Peruvian mandarin/tangerine production at 550,000 metric tons (MT), with exports expected to reach 200,000 MT for marketing year (MY) 2022/23 (March 2023 to February 2024). Lower profitability driven by labor cost increases, fertilizer scarcity, erratic weather, increased transportation costs, and container shortages will negatively impact production and exports.

This report focuses on specific Spanish certification requirements that differ from or are in addition to EU-harmonized certification. Compared to 2021, this report contains new country-specific certificates as well as updated links to relevant information sources and contacts.

This report is an update of GAIN report SP2021-0032. It outlines the legislation applicable to the export of U.S. food products to Spain, particularly focusing on those rules that differ from EU legislation.

Peruvian ethanol production in 2022 is forecast at 220 million liters, a slight increase compared to the previous year. Ethanol consumption for 2022 is forecast at 260 million liters. Peru is forecast to produce 208 million liters of biodiesel in 2022.

Peru continues to enforce the extended biotechnology moratorium. In February 2021, Peru extended the previous ten-year biotechnology moratorium for another fifteen years. Similar to the previous moratorium, Peru has yet to notify the measure to the World Trade Organization. In general, biotechnology remains misunderstood by the public in Peru.

This report describes the agricultural biotechnology sector in Spain, covering production and trade, policy, and marketing aspects. It includes topics related to plant, animal, and microbial biotechnology. Spain is a powerhouse for agricultural biotechnology in the European Union, as the country remains the largest grower of biotech corn and a major consumer of feed ingredients.

Grape production in Peru is forecast to reach 766,000 metric tons (MT) in marketing year (MY) 2022/2023, an increase of seven percent compared to the previous year. Domestic consumption of fresh grapes is forecast at 186,000 MT in MY 2022/2023, a six percent increase from MY 2021/22. Peruvian grape exports are forecast to reach a record of 586,000 MT in MY 2022/2023, eight percent higher than the previous year. The United States will continue to be the lead export market.

Irrigation water limitations in the Guadalquivir basin resulted in lower area planted to cotton for MY 2022/23 and a significant drop in yields. Cotton production has also been negatively affected by pest incidence. Industry sources argue that Spanish farmers should be eligible for cotton specific support despite the reduction in yields.

Peru is an internationally recognized gastronomic hub with opportunities for imported complementary food products. Health restrictions eased during 2021 but the foodservice sector has yet to recover pandemic-related losses. The industry will also continue to make adjustments due to changes in consumer behavior.

Spanish tourism is rapidly recovering from the effects of the pandemic and reaching pre-pandemic levels due to a robust rebound in national tourism, partially compensating for the still lower number of foreign visitors. From January through August, 57.3 million tourists arrived in Spain, 10 percent higher than the previous year.