Poland: Direct Versus Indirect Trade - Poland's Hidden Market for US Agricultural Exports

The U.S. Census Bureau's (USCB) bulk, intermediate, and consumer-oriented export data tracks U.S. food and agricultural trade shipped directly to Poland. However, it does not measure the substantial levels of the U.S. agricultural trade to Poland routed through Western European ports of entry. According to USCB, U.S. suppliers shipped $376 million of U.S. food and agriculture to Poland in 2023. However, according to Poland’s Central Statistical Office (CSO), which measures trade by country of origin and, therefore, reflects both direct and indirect trade, Poland sourced upwards of $740 million of U.S. food and agriculture in 2023. FAS/Warsaw encourages USDA cooperators and other U.S. food and agricultural exporters and stakeholders to look beyond USCB data and review different data sources when considering resource allocation and market development strategies for Poland.